The content of HDO in the water on the earth is about 1/3200, that is, one out of every 3200 water molecules is HDO. HDO and H2O can be separated by distillation, electrolysis or chemical methods, and the chemical separation method has the highest efficiency ratio. The Girdler sulfide process is commonly used in industry, using hydrogen sulfide to “extract” deuterated water in water at 30°C, and then exchange it with water at 130°C to obtain deuterated water, and obtain deuterated water with higher purity through multi-stage exchange. In addition to hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methylamine, etc. can also be used to separate and purify deuterium water (also known as heavy water); with deuterium water, the preparation of deuterated reagents is easy:
deuterium water, the preparation of deuterated reagents is easy:
Deuterated DMSO: DMSO and heavy water are exchanged for DMSO-d6 under the action of a basic catalyst (calcium oxide). This process needs to be repeated many times to obtain high-purity deuterated DMSO;
Deuterated acetone: Acetone and heavy water are prepared by H-D exchange under the action of a basic catalyst (LiOD);
Deuterated benzene: benzene and heavy water are exchanged with heavy water under transition metal catalysis to obtain deuterated benzene;
Deuterated tetrahydrofuran: tetrahydrofuran is produced by exchanging heavy water with transition metal catalysis;
Deuterated sodium hydroxide or deuterated potassium hydroxide can be prepared by the reaction of metal element and heavy water;
Deuterium gas: Deuterium gas can be produced by electrolysis of deuterium water;
Deuterated reagents are widely used in nuclear magnetic detection to confirm the structure; another common use is to study the reaction mechanism (KIE); using deuterated reagents as a reaction solvent can also facilitate the detection of the progress of the reaction; deuterium water can also be used in infrared chromatography Avoid overlapping of water peak and amide signal; in addition, deuterium water can also be used to measure human metabolic rate.
In addition, compared with light water, deuterium water can capture more neutrons, which can be used to regulate the process of nuclear reactions; therefore, deuterium water began to be industrially produced on a large scale in the 1940s, and is currently the world’s major producer For Canada, the United States, India, Argentina, Japan, Norway, Iran, Pakistan, etc.;
